編按：快來認識世界上最為人所知的釀酒葡萄品種之一：卡本內蘇維翁 Cabernet Sauvignon ！
卡本內蘇維翁 (Cabernet Sauvignon)，應該是世界上最為人所知的釀酒葡萄品種之一，相信很多人在剛開始學習葡萄酒時，第一個學習的地點便是法國波爾多產區，而作為波爾多的代表品種，它也成為第一個進入耳中的品種名稱。
由來及特性
卡本內蘇維翁在 17 世紀法國西南部的波爾多無意中被培育出來，是卡本內弗朗（Cabernet Franc）與白蘇維翁（Sauvignon Blanc）的雜交 (hybrid) 品種，之後在上世紀 90 年代開始，便被廣泛種植在世界上各個葡萄酒產地，幾乎所有產區都可以看到它的身影，而它在每個地區都如此受歡迎的原因，離不開它的兩個特性：
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- 一、易生長，且能抵抗相當多的病害，特別是黴菌 (Botrytis cinerea)，卡本內蘇維翁的對環境的適應力非常強，在不同土壤、氣候都能夠成長並維持相當的品質水準，它甚至是沙漠中它都能長大，不過因為它屬於較晚熟的品種，最適合它的還是礫石、卵石，沖積質及砂質土壤等排水好、儲熱能力佳的土壤，以確保足夠的熱能。
- 二、釀酒品質佳，卡本內蘇維翁的葡萄果實皮厚、在發酵時皮中擁有相當多能產生風味的酚類物質，同時也具有高單寧，酸度明顯等特徵，這些條件都能很好的讓葡萄酒具有強勁的酒體架構與陳年潛力。
世界上最廣泛栽培的品種
在種植、品質、市場等有利條件的作用下，卡本內蘇維翁快速的在葡萄酒的世界上發展，目前已經是世界上最為廣泛栽培的葡萄品種，雖然在葡萄產地的版圖上隨處可見，但隨著各產地的氣候與風土條件不同，造成的熟成差異，生產出的酒也各有其特色，最出名的卡本內蘇維翁產區通常被認為是：法國波爾多左岸、美國那帕谷、義大利托斯卡納、澳洲庫納瓦拉與瑪格麗特河。
by Samdiva
延伸閱讀黑皮諾 Pinot Noir
延伸閱讀梅洛 Merlot
Sauvignon blanc [wiki] is a green-skinned grape variety that originates from the Bordeaux region of France. The grape most likely gets its name from the French words sauvage (“wild”) and blanc (“white”) due to its early origins as an indigenous grape in South West France. It is possibly a descendant of Savagnin. Sauvignon blanc is planted in many of the world’s wine regions, producing a crisp, dry, and refreshing white varietal wine. The grape is also a component of the famous dessert wines from Sauternes and Barsac. Sauvignon blanc is widely cultivated in France, Chile, Romania, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Bulgaria, the states of Oregon, Washington, and California in the US. Some New World Sauvignon blancs, particularly from California, may also be called “Fumé Blanc”, a marketing term coined by Robert Mondavi in reference to Pouilly-Fumé.
Depending on the climate, the flavor can range from aggressively grassy to sweetly tropical. In cooler climates, the grape has a tendency to produce wines with noticeable acidity and “green flavors” of grass, green bell peppers and nettles with some tropical fruit (such as passion fruit) and floral (such as elderflower) notes. In warmer climates, it can develop more tropical fruit notes but risks losing much aroma from over-ripeness, leaving only slight grapefruit and tree fruit (such as peach) notes.
