瑞士-葡萄酒隱身的國度

2024-03-21

 

瑞士,得天獨厚的自然環境,這裏不僅有許多天然湖泊和高山,境內全數26個聯邦(Canton)都能看到葡萄園的蹤跡,還擁有全歐洲海拔最高和全世界佔地最小的葡萄園。

對愛酒人士來說,瑞士的葡萄酒並不常見,在低調的酒農和釀酒師背後,關於瑞士葡萄酒的產區或是風土差異更給人帶有神秘的距離感。

每一年,瑞士只有將總生產量1-2%的葡萄酒出口。

OFAG組織報導,在2022年瑞士總共生產9千9百萬瓶的葡萄酒。據統計,瑞士人當年度的每人平均飲酒量為36瓶,其中有13瓶的比例喝下去的就是國內自產的葡萄酒,全瑞士約有1500個葡萄農,他們釀造的葡萄酒多是為了供應需求漸增的國內市場。瑞士境內有62 個AOC認可的產區和特級園Grand Cru,兩者大多分布於Genève和Vaud,這裏的葡萄園由於多樣性的微型氣候和豐富的自然地貌,境內存在超過240種的葡萄品種,其中最為代表性的瑞士葡萄品種以白葡萄Chasselas和紅葡萄Pinot Noir為主。

瑞士六大葡萄酒產區

Valais-產量第一,佔全瑞士總產量的1/3,

從隆河上游到雷曼湖周圍,Valais名字來自於其峽谷地貌,境內擁有許多陡峭的葡萄園,常與法國隆河谷做相比。超過60種的葡萄品種被種植在這個年產量最大的產區。白葡萄品種以 Chasselas為主(在Valais人們稱之為 Fendant )另外還有 la Petite Arvine, le Païen;紅葡萄品種則以Pinot Noir 和 Gamay為代表,但Valais最受消費者歡迎的葡萄酒卻是由少見的Syrah, l’Humagne Rouge, Cornalin, Merlot和Cabernet Franc釀造。

Vaud-最知名產區結合世界文化遺產

遍佈於雷曼湖(Lac Léman)北部和延伸到偏內陸的山腳下,數百年以來,葡萄園被種植在湖畔周圍,最著名的Lavaux葡萄梯田,沿著日內瓦湖延綿約30公里,形成絕美景色,在2007年入選為聯合國世界文化遺產。Vaud最代表性的酒以瑞士國寶,白酒Chasselas為代表,產量緊追Valais之後的Vaud每年總產量約26%,2/3的總產量為白葡萄酒,現今有6個AOC和2個特級園Grand Cru。

Trois Lacs-與勃根地相似的風土

瑞士產量最小的產區,僅有6%的年產量,鄰近諸羅山脈,三大湖區的葡萄園遍佈在Neuchâtel, Bienne 和Morat三個湖畔周圍的山坡,多數的葡萄園相當具有歷史性。

由於土壤和氣候與法國勃根地相近,因此這裡約半數的葡萄品種為Pinot Noir,白葡萄品種則是Chasselas最常見,也能品嘗到Pinot Gris, Chardonnay和Riesling。

Genève-經典品種和瑞士新秀

位於瑞士西邊的主要產區,境內高達5%的土地為葡萄園,產量佔全瑞士總產量的9%。Genève範圍並不大但能找到許多風格不同的酒款,紅白葡萄品種各占一半的比例。白葡萄品種能見到 Chasselas, Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Sauvignon, Pinot Gris, Aligoté;紅葡萄除了Gamay, Pinot Noir和Merlot代表,也能見到瑞士法語區獨有的原生品種Gamaret和Garanoir。

Tessin-濕熱的地中海型氣候

位於瑞士南邊義大利語區的Tessin(Ticino),葡萄園大多被劃分為小地塊經營,集中在湖畔或是Ceneri山周圍(Mont Ceneri)。較熱的地中海型氣候帶來充沛的雨量,常見葡萄品種以Merlot佔高達90%的比例,一般多被釀造成紅酒和粉紅酒,其中獨特的是,有些釀酒師採用如法國香檳區釀造黑中白 Blanc de noire的方式,在這裡喝得到用100% Merlot釀造的白酒。

Swiss Allemande-優質淺力產區,黑皮諾代表

佔地最廣,境內涵蓋不同邦的大產區,2/3的產量以紅酒為主,比起其他邦較少被提及卻是極具潛力,值得被探索的產區。代表品種以黑皮諾為主,白酒較少見但能見到當地品種Müller-Thurgau 亦或是國際品種Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris。各個次產區所釀造的酒款風格差異大,其中最值得提及的為La Familien Liesch的Pinot Noir,於 2015年和2019年獲得瑞士該年度最傑出黑皮諾的獎項 (Gran Maestro of Pinot Noir)。

瑞士高昂的生活物價確實反映在葡萄酒製成的成本上,與其他歐洲葡萄酒出口市場相比,如法國、義大利、西班牙,相似品質的瑞士葡萄酒卻得花上好幾倍的價格才能品嚐。

這是跨入國際市場的一項挑戰,卻也造就瑞士每年大量進口其他國家的葡萄酒。

這項趨勢尤其在疫情和餐飲業歇業的陸續衝擊下,使瑞士當地的酒農得更艱難地尋找買家,瑞士的消費者扮演著重要角色,必須透過行銷和教育加強群體意識去支持當地的酒莊。

儘管要價不菲,但這些美麗的葡萄園梯田和獨特的本土品種,值得我們長途跋涉親自到瑞士品飲一番。

採訪/文:Fifi KUO

*文中提及的葡萄酒數量皆以每瓶750毫升計算。

*官方資料參考來源 https://www.myswitzerland.com/fr-ch/decouvrir/ete-automne/oenotourisme/vin-suisse/

*Visperterminen村莊,葡萄園座落的海拔高度平均在650m-1150m,為歐洲海拔最高的葡萄園。

*Saillon: 位於Valais的一個Grand Cru, 隱藏著全世界最小的一塊葡萄園,它的佔地僅有1.6 平方公尺!這塊地只有3株當地品種的葡萄,自1999年以來,它隸屬於Dalaï Lama 。

*1970年,André Jaquinet用來自Jura的Gamay和德國的白葡萄Reichensteiner兩種葡萄混交研發了Gamaret 和Garanoir 。這兩款葡萄較早熟成,帶有黑莓及胡椒辛香料香味。

38 則留言

  1. A formidable share, I just given this onto a colleague who was doing a little bit evaluation on this. And he in reality bought me breakfast as a result of I discovered it for him.. smile. So let me reword that: Thnx for the treat! However yeah Thnkx for spending the time to debate this, I feel strongly about it and love studying more on this topic. If attainable, as you develop into experience, would you mind updating your blog with more particulars? It’s extremely helpful for me. Massive thumb up for this blog submit!

  2. Hi, I think your site might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your website in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, fantastic blog!

  3. I simply couldn’t depart your website before suggesting that I really enjoyed the usual information an individual provide for your visitors? Is gonna be back ceaselessly in order to investigate cross-check new posts.

  4. The heart of your writing while sounding reasonable originally, did not really work properly with me personally after some time. Someplace within the sentences you managed to make me a believer unfortunately just for a short while. I still have a problem with your jumps in logic and you might do well to fill in those breaks. When you actually can accomplish that, I will surely end up being fascinated.

  5. I just could not depart your site prior to suggesting that I actually enjoyed the standard info a person provide for your visitors? Is gonna be back often to check up on new posts

  6. I’d have to examine with you here. Which is not one thing I usually do! I take pleasure in reading a post that may make folks think. Additionally, thanks for permitting me to comment!

  7. I do accept as true with all of the ideas you’ve introduced on your post. They’re very convincing and will definitely work. Nonetheless, the posts are too quick for newbies. May just you please lengthen them a bit from next time? Thank you for the post.

  8. The next time I read a blog, I hope that it doesnt disappoint me as much as this one. I mean, I know it was my choice to read, but I actually thought youd have something interesting to say. All I hear is a bunch of whining about something that you could fix if you werent too busy looking for attention.

  9. This site can be a stroll-through for all the data you wanted about this and didn’t know who to ask. Glimpse here, and you’ll undoubtedly uncover it.

  10. Thank you for another fantastic article. Where else could anybody get that kind of info in such an ideal way of writing? I’ve a presentation next week, and I am on the look for such info.

  11. I haven?¦t checked in here for a while since I thought it was getting boring, but the last several posts are great quality so I guess I?¦ll add you back to my everyday bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂

  12. I am no longer positive where you’re getting your info, however good topic. I must spend some time learning more or working out more. Thanks for excellent info I used to be on the lookout for this information for my mission.

  13. Thank you for sharing superb informations. Your web site is so cool. I am impressed by the details that you have on this website. It reveals how nicely you perceive this subject. Bookmarked this web page, will come back for extra articles. You, my friend, ROCK! I found just the info I already searched all over the place and just couldn’t come across. What an ideal site.

  14. I have been surfing online more than 3 hours nowadays, yet I by no means discovered any interesting article like yours. It’s beautiful price sufficient for me. Personally, if all website owners and bloggers made good content as you did, the net will be a lot more useful than ever before. “Oh, that way madness lies let me shun that.” by William Shakespeare.

  15. Thanks so much for providing individuals with an extraordinarily spectacular chance to read articles and blog posts from here. It really is so useful and stuffed with fun for me and my office colleagues to search the blog at the very least 3 times in 7 days to learn the newest items you will have. And definitely, I am always satisfied with your magnificent inspiring ideas you serve. Selected 4 tips in this post are indeed the most efficient we have ever had.

  16. I am really enjoying the theme/design of your web site. Do you ever run into any browser compatibility problems? A few of my blog readers have complained about my website not working correctly in Explorer but looks great in Safari. Do you have any tips to help fix this problem?

  17. Very interesting information!Perfect just what I was searching for! “I myself do nothing. The Holy Spirit accomplishes all through me.” by William Blake.

  18. An interesting dialogue is price comment. I think that you must write more on this subject, it may not be a taboo topic but typically persons are not enough to talk on such topics. To the next. Cheers

  19. I have not checked in here for some time as I thought it was getting boring, but the last several posts are great quality so I guess I’ll add you back to my daily bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂

  20. Thank you for any other wonderful article. Where else may just anybody get that type of info in such an ideal way of writing? I have a presentation subsequent week, and I am at the search for such info.

  21. Tonic Greens: An Overview Introducing Tonic Greens, an innovative immune support supplement meticulously crafted with potent antioxidants, essential minerals, and vital vitamins.

  22. You could certainly see your expertise in the work you write. The arena hopes for more passionate writers like you who are not afraid to mention how they believe. Always follow your heart. “Every man serves a useful purpose A miser, for example, makes a wonderful ancestor.” by Laurence J. Peter.

  23. I am so happy to read this. This is the kind of manual that needs to be given and not the random misinformation that’s at the other blogs. Appreciate your sharing this best doc.

  24. Hiya, I am really glad I’ve found this information. Today bloggers publish only about gossips and web and this is really frustrating. A good blog with exciting content, this is what I need. Thank you for keeping this site, I will be visiting it. Do you do newsletters? Can not find it.

發佈留言

發佈留言必須填寫的電子郵件地址不會公開。 必填欄位標示為 *

error: 禁止複製